1). an electronic pid temperature controller is at steady state with an output of 10 ma. the set point equals the initial steady-state process temperature. at t = 0, the error signal is increased at the rate of 0.4 ma/min, which is equivalent to a rate of 2°f/min. if the current settings are kc = 3 (dimensionless), τi = 1.5 min, τd = 0.5 min, then (a) derive an expression for the controller output p(t) (b) repeat (a) for τd = 0 (a pi controller only) (c) plot the two controller outputs and qualitatively discuss their differences. (d) what is the transmitter calibration of ma/°f? (e) say after 1 min, the error signal went back to zero. what would p(t) be in that case?

Amass of m 1.5 kg of steam is contained in a closed rigid container. initially the pressure and temperature of the steam are: p 1.5 mpa and t 240°c (superheated state), respectively. then the temperature drops to t2= 100°c as the result of heat transfer to the surroundings. determine: a) quality of the steam at the end of the process, b) heat transfer with the surroundings. for: p1.5 mpa and t 240°c: enthalpy of superheated vapour is 2900 kj/kg, specific volume of superheated vapour is 0. 1483 m/kg, while for t 100°c: enthalpy of saturated liquid water is 419kj/kg, specific volume of saturated liquid water is 0.001043m/kg, enthalpy of saturated vapour is 2676 kj/kg, specific volume of saturated vapour is 1.672 m/kg and pressure is 0.1 mpa.

Find the kinematic pressure of 160kpa. for air, r-287 j/ kg k. and hair al viscosity of air at a temperature of 50°c and an absolute (10 points) (b) find the dynamic viscosity of air at 110 °c. sutherland constant for air is 111k

Avolume of 2.65 m3 of air in a rigid, insulated container fitted with a paddle wheel is initially at 264 k, 5.6 bar. the air receives 432 kj by work from the paddle wheel. assuming the ideal gas model with cv = 0.71 kj/kg • k, determine for the air the amount of entropy produced, in kj/k