To prevent icing over wings of airplane, some heating panels are attached in the inner layers of the wing (as heat source). The heating power is required that the lowest temperature on the wing surface must exceed a critical value (below which icing may occur).

1) Establish a complete model for computational hydrodynamics and heat transfer if the flow is turbulent (using k-ε model); discuss the equation closure.

2) List all boundary conditions of (1), and, for numerical simulations of this problem, how to use wall functions?