Plot the ratio of transverse Young’s modulus to longitudinal modulus ET/EL versus fiber volume fraction Vf of a unidirectional continuous carbon fiber reinforced epoxy. Assume Ef= 301 GPa and Em=2.8 GPa. (10’)

Which of the following ziegler nichols tuning methods the response of the controller to a step input should exhibit an s-shaped curve? a)-open loop mode b)-closed loop mode c)-both modes (open & closed) d)-none of the modes (open & closed)