In manufacturing a particular set of motor shafts, only shaft diameters of between 38.00 and 37.50 mm are usable. If the process mean is found to be 37.80 mm with a standard deviation of 0.12 mm, what percentage of the population of manufactured shafts are usable

And we can find this probability with this difference:

And in order to find these probabilities we can use tables for the normal standard distribution, excel or a calculator.  

So then the percentage usable are 94,6%

Explanation:

Previous concepts

Normal distribution, is a "probability distribution that is symmetric about the mean, showing that data near the mean are more frequent in occurrence than data far from the mean".

The Z-score is "a numerical measurement used in statistics of a value's relationship to the mean (average) of a group of values, measured in terms of standard deviations from the mean".  

Solution to the problem

Let X the random variable that represent the diameters of a population, and for this case we know the distribution for X is given by:

Where and

We are interested on this probability

And the best way to solve this problem is using the normal standard distribution and the z score given by:

If we apply this formula to our probability we got this:

And we can find this probability with this difference:

And in order to find these probabilities we can use tables for the normal standard distribution, excel or a calculator.  

So then the percentage usable are 94,6%

the clapeyron equation (also called the clausius-clapeyron equation) relates the slope of a reaction line on a phase diagram to fundamental thermodynamic properties.

explanation: