The boundary-layer thickness, δ, on a smooth flat plate in an incompressible flow without pressure gradients depends on the freestream speed, U, the fluid density, p, the fluid viscosity, μ, and the distance from the leading edge of the plate, x. (a) Express these variables in dimensionless form and (b) calculate dimensionless parameter (proportional to x) with x = 0.141 m, p = 232 kg/m3, U-0.146 m/s, μ = 0.5 x 104 N-s/m2

Different types of steels contain different elements that alter the characteristics of the steel. for each of the following elements, explain what the element does when alloyed with steel.

An open feedwater heater operates at steady state with liquid entering at inlet 1 with t? = 40°c and pl = 1 .2 mpa. water vapor att2-200°c and p2 = 1.2 mpa enters at inlet 2. saturated liquid water exits with a pressure of pa 1.2 mpa. neglect heat transfer with the surroundings and all kinetic and potential energy effects, determine the mass flow rate of steam at inlet 2 if the mass flow rate of liquid water at inlet 1 is given as 2 kg/s.

Asteam is contained in a rigid tank with a volume of 1 m3. initially, the pressure and temperature are 7 bar and 500 oc, respectively. the temperature drops due to cooling process. determine: (1) the temperature at which condensation begins in °c, (2) the fraction of the total mass that has condensed when the pressure decreased to 0.5 bar. (3) the volume in m3 occupied by saturated liquid at the final state?