Estimate the equivalent 18-kip single-axle load applications (esal) for a four-lane pave- ment (two lanes in each direction) of a rural interstate highway with a truck count of 100 0 per day (including 2-axle, 4-tire panel, and pickup trucks), an annual growth rate of 5% , and a design life of 20 years. [ 2.82 x 106]

Atank with constant volume contains 2.27 kg of a mixture of water phases (liquid-vapor). in the initial state the temperature and the quality are 127 °c and 0.6, respectively. the mixture is heated until the temperature of 160 oc is reached. illustrate the process in a t-v diagram. then, determine (1) the mass of the vapor in kg at the initial state, (2) the final pressure in kpa.