A common rule of thumb for controller discretization is to have "6 samples per rise time" in order to achieve a reasonable approximation of the CT controller, without wasting computing resources. Derive the effect on PM that this choice will have. Also derive the relationship of this choice to the effective Nyquist rate for the closed-loop system.

When at a point two solid phase changes to one solid phase on cooling then it is known as a) eutectoid point b) eutectic point c) peritectic point d) peritectoid point

Aflywheel accelerates for 5 seconds at 2 rad/s2 from a speed of 20 rpm. determine the total number of revolutions of the flywheel during the period of its acceleration. a.5.65 b.8.43 c. 723 d.6.86

Air is to be cooled in the evaporator section of a refrigerator by passing it over a bank of 0.8-cm-outer-diameter and 0.4-m-long tubes inside which the refrigerant is evaporating at -20°c. air approaches the tube bank in the normal direction at 0°c and 1 atm with a mean velocity of 4 m/s. the tubes are arranged in-line with longitudinal and transverse pitches of sl- st 1.5 cm. there are 30 rows in the flow direction with 15 tubes in each row. determine (a) the refrigeration capacity of this system and (b) pressure drop across the tube bank. evaluate the air properties at an assumed mean temperature of -5°c and 1 atm. is this a good assumption?