1. A solar concentrator produces a heat flux of 2500 W/m2 on the projected area of a tube of diameter 50 mm. Water flows through the tube at a rate of 0.015 kg/s. If the water temperature at the inlet is 15°C, what length of pipe is required to produce water at a temperature of 85°C?

(Water at 50 degree C has: rho = 990 kg m^-3, k = 0.64 Wm^-1 K^-1, c = 4180 Jkg^-1 K^-1.)

Explanation:

Let suppose that temperature of air is 15°C. The heating process of the solar concentrator is modelled after the First Law of Thermodynamics:

The required length is:

But,

answer:

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