Consider a step-down (buck) converter where all components are ideal, except the output diode, which has an on-state voltage drop (diode drop) ofVon. The converter is operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM). Derive anexpression for the output voltage in terms of duty cycle, input voltage, and diode drop. Derive a similar expressionfor efficiency. Comment under what conditions the efficiency is much less than 100%

Apump is used to circulate hot water in a home heating system. water enters the well-insulated pump operating at steady state at a rate of 0.42 gal/min. the inlet pressure and temperature are 14.7 lbf/in.2, and 180°f, respectively; at the exit the pressure is 60 lbf/in.2 the pump requires 1/15 hp of power input. water can be modeled as an incompressible substance with constant density of 60.58 lb/ft3 and constant specific heat of 1 btu/lb or. neglecting kinetic and potential energy effects, determine the temperature change, in °r, as the water flows through the pump.

Apiston-cylinder device contains 0.1 m3 of liquid water and 0.9 m3 of water vapor in equilibrium at 800 kpa. heat is transferred at constant pressure until the temperature of water reaches 350 °c. determine (a) the quality of water at the initial state (b) the work associated with this process, (c) the heat associated with this process.

Consider airflow over a flat plate of length l = 1.5 m under conditions for which transition occurs at le = 0.9 m based on the critical reynolds number, re,e = 5 x 10. evaluating the thermophysical properties of air at 400 k, determine the air velocity. (hint: use the tables to find the properties of air)