Which one is affected more by the soil conditions: PGA or PGV?

Explain the difference laminar and turbulent flow. explain it with the shear stress and the velocity profiles.

Asingle-geared blanking press has a stroke of 200 mm and a rated capacity of 320 kn. a cam driven ram is assumed to be capable of delivering the full press load at constant force during the last 15 percent of a constant-velocity stroke. the camshaft has an average speed of 90 rev/min and is geared to the flywheel shaft at a 6: 1 ratio. the total work done is to include an allowance of 16 percent for friction a) estimate the maximum energy fluctuation b) find the rim weight for an effective diameter of 1.2 m and a coefficient of speed fluctuation of 0.10

Draw the engineering stress-strain curve for (a) bcc; (b) fcc metals and mark important points.