For a bolted assembly, the stiffness of each bolt is kb = 2 Mlbf/in and the stiffness of the members is km = 14 Mlbf/in per bolt. The joint is subject to occasional disassembly for maintenance and should be preloaded accordingly. A fluctuating external load is applied to the entire joint with Pmax = 80 kips and Pmin = 20 kips. Assume the load is equally distributed to all the bolts. It has been determined to use 1/2 in-13 UNC grade. 1. Determine the minimum number of bolts necessary to avoid yielding of the bolts.
2. Determine the minimum number of bolts necessary to avoid joint seperation.

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One of the benefits of working with chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) pipe is that it can be cut with a variety of different tools that don’t require any electricity or heat. However, different cutting methods are preferred over others, depending on the application.

When cutting CPVC pipe, it is important to make a square, flat cut. An uneven cut limits the bonding area and weakens the fitting.

To help you make the best possible cut, we’ve put together the following dos and don’ts when cutting CPVC pipe in different situations.

0.025 seconds

Explanation: You just have to divide the time between the # of flaps divided by the 1.25 m/s