Flooding of the Chagres River was a problem with the construction of the Panama Canal. During occasional floods, the flowrate near Barbacoas would rise as high as 600,000 gal/s compared to 7500 gal/s in the dry season. If the effects of friction must be considered, determine the diameter needed for a 1500 ft wrought iron pipe to carry away 75,000 gal/s. The water is released at sea level(a drop in elevation of about 200 ft). [Hint: Set up the equations and guess a diameter 10 ft to start.]

An external consultant recommends that a plant installs a bank of capacitors for power factor correction. this will reduce the peak electrical demand charges by an average of 93 kw every month. the plant current pays $13 per kw in peak demand charges. the capacitor bank will include 223 kw of fixed capacitors, and 183 of variable capacitors. the fixed capacitors cost $59 per kw, and the variable capacitors will cost $65 per kw. the consultant charges 21% of the equipment costs to install the capacitors. because this project will reduce the demand for the electric utility, they are prepared to provide a one-time rebate of $42 per kw of reduced demand. what is the simple payback period for this project (in years)?