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Explain the difference laminar and turbulent flow. explain it with the shear stress and the velocity profiles.

Aturning operation is performed with following conditions: rake angle of 12°, a feed of 0.35 mm/rev, and a depth of cut of 1.1 mm. the work piece is aluminum alloy 6061 with t6 heat treatment (a16061-t6). the resultant chip thickness was measured to be 1.0 mm. estimate the cutting force, fc. use shear stress of 207 mpa and coefficient of friction on the tool face of 0.6.

Along 8-cm diameter steam pipe whose external surface temperature is 900c connects two buildings. the pipe is exposed to ambient air at 70c with a wind speed of 50 km/hr blowing across the pipe. determine the heat loss from the pipe per unit length. (b) air at 500c enters a section of a rectangular duct (15 cm x 20 cm) at an average velocity of 7 m/s. if the walls of the duct are maintained at 100c. a) the length of the tube for an exit temperature of the air to be 40 0c. b)the rate of heat transfer from the air. c) the fan power needed to overcome the pressure drop in this section of the duct.