AB-CB+DA+2CD vector expression​

Which of the following ziegler nichols tuning methods the response of the controller to a step input should exhibit an s-shaped curve? a)-open loop mode b)-closed loop mode c)-both modes (open & closed) d)-none of the modes (open & closed)

Machinery that is a key part of the process and without which the plant or process cannot function is classifed as: (clo4) a)-critical machinery b)-essential machinery c)-general purpose machinery d)-none of the specified options.

Aturning operation is performed with following conditions: rake angle of 12°, a feed of 0.35 mm/rev, and a depth of cut of 1.1 mm. the work piece is aluminum alloy 6061 with t6 heat treatment (a16061-t6). the resultant chip thickness was measured to be 1.0 mm. estimate the cutting force, fc. use shear stress of 207 mpa and coefficient of friction on the tool face of 0.6.