Why is it important for engineers to understand and quantify how energy changes as it moves
through a machine, or from one object to another?

Explain the difference laminar and turbulent flow. explain it with the shear stress and the velocity profiles.

Manometers are good examples of measuring instruments, nowadays they are not as common as before. a)-capacitive probe gauges b)-gravitational gauges deformation ) gauges d)-digital gauges

Aturning operation is performed with following conditions: rake angle of 12°, a feed of 0.35 mm/rev, and a depth of cut of 1.1 mm. the work piece is aluminum alloy 6061 with t6 heat treatment (a16061-t6). the resultant chip thickness was measured to be 1.0 mm. estimate the cutting force, fc. use shear stress of 207 mpa and coefficient of friction on the tool face of 0.6.