An operational amplifier has output voltage limits of 113 V and 214 V when used with a 615 V power supply. If the amplifier is used as a comparator, by what amount does v1 have to exceed v2 and v2 have to exceed v1 for the amplifier to be at limit if the open-loop gain A is (a) 100,000 (b) 600,000 (c) 2.6 3 106

Air at a pressure of 1atm and a temperature of 40 c is in parallel flow over the top surface of a flat plate that is heated to a uniform temperature of 120 c. the plate has a length of 0.40m (in the flow direction) and a width of 0.15m. the reynolds number based on the plate length is 50, 000. what is the rate of heat transfer from the plate to the air? if the free stream velocity of the air is doubled and the pressure is increased to 10 atm what is the rate of heat transfer?