Smallpox was introduced to europe sometime between the fifth and seventh centuries and was frequently epidemic during the middle ages. the disease greatly affected the development of western civilization. the first stages of the decline of the roman empire (ad 108) coincided with a large-scale epidemic: the plague of antonine, which accounted for the deaths of almost 7 million people. the arab expansion, the crusades, and the discovery of the west indies all contributed to the spread of the disease. the author most supports his argument that smallpox devastated mankind over the centuries by providing a historical timeline. an alternative claim. details of a historical incident. interesting, partially related facts.

The Author presents a series of interesting, partially related facts to support his argument that smallpox devastated  mankind over the centuries.

The option of a Historical Timeline is not correct because only the example of the decline of the Roman Empires states an actual date ( AD 108).

The option of an alternative claim is also incorrect because there is no such a claim.

The option of details of a historical incident seems to be correct but is not because there are several historical events presented and there is not a single detail on them.

So the correct option is the last one interesting, partially related facts.

this need to be done in 15 minutes kind of passed the 15 minutes by now sorry dude but i can list some of my thoughts down for you : (

the sentence that best describes the tone of the passage from the radio broadcast compared to the passage from the book is b. the radio broadcast has a more surprised tone.

consider the text evidence: in the passage from the book, the description is more matter-of-fact. it is simply describing the things resembling little grey snakes, but there is no urgency in the description. on the other hand, in the passage from the radio broadcast, there is definetely urgency (you can tell from the expression used, "good heavens", which clearly indicates surprise.)