Read the excerpt from president ronald reagan’s speech on the night before the 1980 presidential election. i believe we can embark on a new age of reform in this country and an era of national renewal. an era that will reorder the relationship between citizen and government, that will make government again responsive to people, that will revitalize the values of family, work, and neighborhood and that will restore our private and independent social institutions. the tone of this speech could best be described as expressing a feeling of a) fear. b) hope. c)anger. d)pride.

One thing that is really important to understand is that when Ronald Reagan was running for office during the 1980´s, the social situation of the country regarding the treatment of African-Americans was at its most difficult. There was a lot of division still because of the issue of segregation and mistreatment towards black people that still affected the northern states and the south. Because of the violation incurred by the southern states of the laws that had been enacted to protect the rights of African Americans, the federal government was given powers by the Constitution to put a limit on the southern states´ laws that still affected and especially segregated African Americans. This truly caused social unrest and turmoil because of the belief that the federal government was overstepping the rights it had been given by the original Constitution to control the states´ powers of self-government. In the South, particularly, there was particular friction regarding this subject and it affected the Republican candidates, party to which Reagan belonged, because people refused to vote for any of them.

The speech of 1980, then, is an attempt by Ronald Reagan to show southern voters that he, if elected, would return everything to the original, and correct, order, giving power and control back to the states sacrificing the power of the federal government. This meant, literally, backtracking on what had been done to ensure the civil rights for African Americans and this, in turn, was meant to spark hope in souther voters. Hope that things would go back to how they should be. This is why the correct option is B.

in this passage from chapter 6 of "animal farm", by george orwell, what the author is ridiculing in this passage is the frivolity of some rules.

clover, the mare, believes she remembers that the fourth commandment forbade sleeping in beds because it was something that humans did. snowball, napoleon, and the pigs are brain-workers who look after the welfare of the farm. they are the obvious leaders because they are smart, and so they are entitled to eat the best food and sleep in beds. it is squealer, who says these lines making the difference between sleeping with sheets, what humans do, and sleeping in beds, what pigs do. the unwillingness to question authority makes the oppressed to obey without thinking.