Select the abbreviation that tells how the italicized noun clause is used. s-subject, do-direct object, pn-predicate noun, op-object of preposition the chairman heard what was said about the program.

I thunk its PN hope this helps

in the quotation from passage, connie willis states that literature is a way for authors from the past to communicate with readers of today. we can read their stories, books, and other texts to learn lessons about life. willis refers to these lessons as messages “from beyond the grave.” willis has a favorable viewpoint about the timelessness of literature.

your awnser would be b.