Answer asap!
read the selection from "female orations" by margaret cavendish and answer the question following.
margaret cavendish
duchess of newcastle
1623 - 73
female orations
i
ladies, gentlewomen, and other inferior women, but not less worthy: i have been industrious to assemble you together, and wish i were so fortunate as to persuade you to make frequent assemblies, associations, and combinations amongst our sex, that we may unite in prudent counsels, to make ourselves as free, happy, and famous as men; whereas now we live and die as if we were produced from beasts, rather than from men; for men are happy, and we women are miserable; they possess all the ease, rest, pleasure, wealth, power, and fame; whereas women are restless with labour, easeless with pain, melancholy for want of pleasures, for want of power, and die in oblivion, for want of fame. nevertheless, men are so unconscionable and cruel against us that they endeavour to bar us of all sorts of liberty, and will not suffer us freely to associate amongst our own sex; but would fain bury us in their houses or beds, as in a grave. the truth is, we live like bats or owls, labour like beasts, and die like worms.
ii
ladies, gentlewomen, and other inferior women: the lady that spoke to you hath spoken wisely and eloquently, in expressing our unhappiness; but she hath not declared a remedy, or showed us a way to come out of our miseries; but, if she could or would be our guide, to lead us out of the labyrinth men have put us into, we should not only praise and admire her, but adore and worship her as our goddess: but alas! men, that are not only our tyrants but our devils, keep us in the hell of subjection, from whence i cannot perceive any redemption or getting out; we may complain and bewail our condition, yet that will not free us; we may murmur and rail against men, yet they regard not what we say. in short, our words to men are as empty sounds; our sighs, as puffs of winds; and our tears, as fruitless showers; and our power is so inconsiderable, that men laugh at our weakness.
iii
ladies, gentlewomen, and other inferior women: the former orations were exclamations against men, repining at their condition and mourning for our own; but we have no reason to speak against men, who are our admirers and lovers; they are our protectors, defenders, and maintainers; they admire our beauties, and love our persons; they protect us from injuries, defend us from dangers, are industrious for our subsistence, and provide for our children; they swim great voyages by sea, travel long journeys by land, to get us rarities and curiosities; they dig to the center of the earth for gold for us; they dive to the bottom of the sea for jewels for us; they build to the skies houses for us; they hunt, fowl, fish, plant, and reap for food for us. all which, we could not do ourselves; and yet we complain of men, as if they were our enemies, whenas we could not possibly live without them, which shows we are as ungrateful as inconstant. but we have more reason to murmur against nature, than against men, who hath made men more ingenious, witty, and wise than women; more strong, industrious, and laborious than women; for women are witless and strengthless, and unprofitable creatures, did they not bear children. wherefore, let us love men, praise men, and pray for men; for without men, we should be the most miserable creatures that nature hath made or could make.
iv
noble ladies, gentlewomen, and other inferior women: the former oratoress says we are witless and strengthless; if so, it is that we neglect the one and make no use of the other, for strength is increased by exercise, and wit is lost for want of conversation. but to show men we are not so weak and foolish as the former oratoress doth express us to be, let us hawk, hunt, race, and do the like exercises that men have; and let us converse in camps, courts, and cities; in schools, colleges, and courts of judicature; in taverns, brothels, and gaming houses; all of which will make our strength and wit known, both to men and to our own selves, for we are as ignorant of ourselves as men are of us. and how should we know ourselves, when we never made a trial of ourselves? or how should men know us, when they never put us to the proof? wherefore my advice is, we should imitate men; so will our bodies and minds appear more masculine, and our power will increase by our actions.
the following is based on the excerpts of speakers i-iv from "female orations" by margaret cavendish.
which speaker is the only one who praises and does not criticize men?
a.
speaker i
c.
speaker iii
b.
speaker ii
d.
speaker iv