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jack roosevelt robinson (january 31, 1919 — october 24, 1972), became the first african american major league baseball player of the modern era in 1947. (2)he was born in cairo, georgia, and moved with his mother and siblings to pasadena, california, in 1920 after his father deserted the family. he attended john muir junior college and pasadena city college where he was an enthusiastic athlete. at the university of california, los angeles, he was a star player of football, basketball, (3)track, and baseball there he was the first athlete in ucla history to letter in four different sports. (4)robinson's honors at ucla were impressive: for two years, he was the highest scorer in basketball competition in the pacific coast conference, national champion long jumper, all-american football halfback and varsity baseball shortstop. he left college in 1941 because of financial problems. )after leaving ucla his senior year robinson enlisted in the u. s. army during world war ii. he enlisted with a segregated battalion, the u. s. 761st tank battalion. while initially refused admission to officer candidate school, (6)he fought for it, and eventually was accepted, graduating as a first lieutenant. while training in the army at fort hood, texas, robinson refused to go to the back of a public bus. he was court-martialed for insubordination and, therefore, never made it to europe with his unit. he later received an honorable discharge in 1944 after being acquitted of all charges at the court-martial.

3 jackie played baseball in 1944 for the kansas city monarchs in the negro american league where he was noticed by clyde sukeforth, a scout working for branch rickey who was the club president and general manager of the brooklyn dodgers. rickey had the secret goal of signing the negro leagues' top players to the team. although there was no official ban on blacks in organized baseball, previous attempts at signing black baseball players had been thwarted by league officials and rival clubs in the past, so rickey operated undercover. robinson drew national attention (7)when rickey selected him from a list of promising candidate’s and signed him. in 1946, robinson was assigned to play (8)for the dodgers' minor league affiliate in montreal the montreal royals. although that season was very tiring emotionally for robinson, it was also a success in a city that treated him well and without the racial tension present in many north american cities of the times.

4 robinson was a slightly curious candidate to be the first black major leaguer in fifty-seven years. not only was he 27 (relatively old for a prospect), he also had a fiery temperament. while some felt his more laid-back future teammate roy campanella might have been a better candidate to face the expected abuse, (9)rickey chosed robinson, feeling that jackie's outspoken nature would, in the long run, be more beneficial for their cause than campanella's relative docility. but to be sure rickey had the right man, he laid upon robinson a three-hour tirade of racial slurs, taunts, and insults in his office. exasperated at the ordeal, jackie asked if he should fight back. (10)"i want someone with guts enough not to fight back, rickey replied.’ aware of what was at stake, robinson agreed.