How would a sociobiologist explain altruism? a. there are no altruists; everyone who does something for another expects some payoff b. opponent-process theory teaches that negativism converts to positive feelings c. society positively reinforces altruists d. there are inherited genes for such behavior

The best answer would be letter D There are inheririted genes for such behaviour sociobiologist explain altruism as a way of behave since very little ages. This sentence makes reference to natural selection , too . It is believed that in altruists groups evolution happens to all members of the group and that they behave it is affected by their genes. Darwin has explained this with animals that live in communities such as bees they pass al their lives taking care of the queen no matter what. so with that example we can eliminate answer A which mentions that everyone expects something . There is a theory that joins natural selection and altruism as a way of surviving more animals can produce more things and staying together would be safer so B would be incorrect because it does not convert into positive feeling and finally the letter c would not be the best because it mentions society and it would be incorrect to generalize different types of social groups .

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)