Can me? i dont understand that question : (

Perfect tense is saying a circumstance occurred earlier in the present with a helping word. For instance number one would be have not telephoned. Adding the have indicates that it's present and the -ed indicates that it's perfect. Like number two would be have been.

what does the author mean by "many journeys" in this excerpt?

government intervention

multiple truths

individual stories

historical monuments

- "a nonrestrictive clause functions as a modifier to a noun (that is an object, person or concept). these clauses can be described by the following three options: it is set off by comas, it contains a subject and a verbs and it adds nonessential information to the sentence.

for example, in "here is bill gates, who confounded microsoft software company" we can identify "who confounded microsoft software company" as a nonrestrictive clause modifying the noun bill gates. this clause can be describes as a nonrestrictive clause because it is separated by a comma, it adds nonessential information to identify who bill gates is and it must contain both a subject (who) and a verb (confounded)."