Jacob is writing an argument in support of this claim.

although multiple-choice tests give a good indication of students' performance and eliminate grading bias, they do not promote a complete critical thinking process or allow for testing of higher-level thinking.

which reason should jacob include in his argument to support his claim?

a. short response items, on the other hand, require the test taker to fully analyze the issue under study and provide a clear answer in his or her own words.

b. most standardized tests rely on the multiple-choice format, so they accurately reflect students' performance.

c. because a multiple-choice format provides conclusions, inferences, and evaluations within the answer choices, the test taker does not have to do all the thinking.

d. without the multiple-choice format, administrators would have difficulty standardizing the grading of tests, which is a necessity given the importance placed on the results.