Beyond the power of any state to deny. the phrase is an example of pathos. true or false

I don't think this is an example of pathos, considering pathos is usually a statement used to invoke sadness or a feeling of helplessness to work in favour of one's argument. That being said, your answer would be false.

a.) it provides a clue to solve the mystery.

often a noun phrase is just a noun or a pronoun:

people like to have money.

i am tired.

it is getting late.