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(1) skyscrapers were made possible by two innovations in technology: structural steel (steel shaped for use in construction) and the elevator. (2) previously, buildings were supported by their walls. (3) large buildings had to be built with walls of heavy masonry (stonework or brickwork). (4) masonry walls made it difficult to put up structures higher than a hundred feet because the upper walls would weigh too much for the lower stories to bear. (5) steel changed all that completely. (6) the weight of the building could now be borne entirely by a light steel skeleton frame. (7) the outside walls, completely relieved from the duty of supporting weight, were now a mere “skin” and could be made of anything: tiles, metal panels, and glass. (8) and with the elevator, buildings could climb until they scraped the sky.

1. in sentence 1, the word innovations means

a. inventors.

b. new things.

c. buildings.

d. questions.

Determine the meaning of the word *propel* using the context clues in the sentence. wind power is the ability to capture the wind in a way to *propel* the blades of wind turbines. a) to move slowly b) to urge onward c) to stop from moving d) to drive, or cause to move, forward

Match the definition to the word for a better understanding of the paragraph. 1 money does not buy happiness or security. 2john ringling, one of the five brothers of the ringling brothers circus, started out in 1884 with a trained horse and a performing bear. 3for over forty years, he worked hard at the family enterprise, bought up smaller circuses, and imported new acts. 4in the 1920s, he was rated as one of the world's wealthiest men and owned every sizable circus in the country. 5over 5,000 people were on his payroll, and over 240 railroad cars were in his retinue each time the circus moved. 6at the time of his death, however, he was a nervous, unhappy man; he was also bankrupt and beset by lawsuits. 7his carefully built circus empire passed into alien hands. 8all those years of work had turned to dust. 1. business organization alien 2. group beset 3. without funds to pay debts retinue 4. troubled or harassed enterprise 5. strange; belonging to another person, place, country, or thing bankrupt

Charles darwin time connective and dates