Which answer choice is an independent clause? a) because the nature of the experiment was so dangerous and expensive. b) unlike the other people in his group who were averse to doing hard work. c) judging from the amount of people who stayed up all night waiting in line. d) the scientist knew that his results would not be believed by his colleagues.

D) The scientist knew that his results would not be believed by his colleagues.

Explanation:

A) is incorrect because of the word "because" which is a transition word

B) is incorrect because of the word "Unlike" which is also a transition word

C) is incorrect because of the word "Judging" which is right now a transition word

So D) is correct

showing or suffering from nervousness, fear, or a lack of confidence