Which type of novel is characterized by complex characters, often with mixed motives, rooted in a highly developed social structure?
a. gothic
b. phycological
c. realistic
d. historical

Gothic is dark, often fantasy.  While it can have many characters, it is described as mystery or horror.  Psychological has many twists and turns often playing on one's psych or thoughts.  Historical is usually presented in a very straightforward text in which the characters are working their way through some type of period piece (like war or a battle).  Realistic is always full of complex characters that can have mixed motives and be developed through a social structure.  C is the best answer here.

"a" because he is appealing to logic as oppose to appealing to the audience's emotions.

the central idea is basically saying that juveniles that have committed a crime will not have the same consequences as the   adults that have. they will have a softer punishment than what the adults have that is harsh in some ways.