The method of research that is most objective and concrete is

a. qualitative research that includes interpreted data and case studies.

b. quantum research that includes physics equations and full algebraic formulas.

c. quantitative research that includes statistics and data that can be replicated.

d. quick research that include wikipedia searches and siri questions.

The correct answer is: C. Quantitative research that includes statistics and data that can be replicated.

Quantitative research refers to the one that wants to stablish general laws fo behaviour and phenomen accross different contexts. As the name states, it manages quantitative data, meaning, in numerical form (scales for example). In this way it can objectively measure and compare things. It uses experimentation to obtain information, in these experiments, factors can be controlled and therefore a result can be predicted. Quantitative research uses statistics to summarize data and find patterns, relationships and connections. We can say that it is the most objective and concrete type of research because the information is directly gathered from the object of study, giving information that can be put in a scale and then compared.

In option A. the researcher gives his interpretation, as a result his beliefs and education are involved in some level. He can follow the scientific method and still a little subjetivity can be found.

Option B. works with data that sometimes can't be compared or proven as it works in a scale our senses can't.

the answer to "what does the narrator realize by the end of the story" is b.