Which best identifies as a misplaced modifier

a: a word, a phrase, or a clause that modifies the word in a sentence

b: a word, phrase, phrase, or clause that seems to refer to or modify an unintended word because of its placement in a sentence.

c: a word, phrase or clause that is incorrectly placed at the beggining of a sentence.

d: a word, phrase, or clause that is incorrectly placed at the end of a sentence

The rich natural resources made the sacramento valley a "garden of eden." permanent villages were established about 8,000 years ago.which choice combines these two sentences from paragraph two to achieve a coherent flow of ideas? a) the rich natural resources made the sacramento valley a "garden of eden" and permanent villages were established about 8,000 years ago. b) permanent villages were established about 8,000 years ago and the rich natural resources made the sacramento valley a "garden of eden." c) the rich natural resources made the sacramento valley a "garden of eden; " and so the permanent villages were established about 8,000 years ago. d) because of the rich natural resources which made the sacramento valley a ‘garden of eden,’ native americans established permanent villages there 8,000 years ago.