Are a type of punctuation that can be used to indicate sarcasm or irony.

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one of the central themes of edward abbey's work has been his staunch opposition to the glen canyon dam on the colorado river that created lake powell, destroying stunning scenery and wildlife habitat, endangering many rare species of fish and animals, and also irreparably destroying many important archaeological sites which provided information about the early inhabitants of the united states.

taken from the novel “the adventures of huckleberry finn” by mark twain (1884), the author narrates about social issues and norms related to morality, prejudice, and slavery. twain included the excerpt above in order to discuss a moral conflict that huck is in: following the moral values he has received from the society in which he lives. moreover, there are moral issues such as gilt and blame discussed here. in the excerpt above, which is part of chapter xvi, huck faces a dilemma: jim to escape or telling miss watson about jim’s flight. huck feels confused, since by choosing one action or another someone is going to get hurt. both jim and miss watson have him in different ways; jim has protected him and has been very kind with him and miss watson has him with his education. the following sentence is a clear example of the dilemma huck faces when he narrates what his conscience tells him: “what had poor miss watson done to you that you could see her niger go off right under your eyes and never say one single word? ”.