What is the central idea of this excerpt from the hot zone?

Which tense allows for an event that began in the past to carry into the present moment in time

Which sentence is punctuated correctly?  a.under a microscope; the organisms look a bit like ruffled tennis balls they have armored plates that fit together to make a round shape. b.when the water is disturbed; the organisms respond by glowing this makes swimmers look like floating beams of blue light. c.there is a bay in puerto rico that seems to light up at night; the light comes from tiny organisms in the water. d.the luminescence attracts visitors from around the world people are curious to see; this beautiful otherworldly sight.

1. in which sentence is the underlined portion a predicate nominative? for astronauts, going into space to repair orbiting equipment becomes a challenge. for astronauts, going into space to repair orbiting equipment becomes tricky. for astronauts, going into space to repair orbiting equipment becomes challenging. for astronauts, going into space to repair orbiting equipment becomes frequent.