How can the reader beat interpret the theme of a story

Through diction, tone, and style. Also by how transparent or hidden the theme is made to be.

it was the battle of midway (june 4-7 1942), in which was an american decisive victory against the japanese navy. americans lost one aircraft carrier, one destroyer and 150 planes. japan lost 4 aircraft carriers, 1 heavy cruiser and 248 planes. american casualties were 307 and japanese casualties were 3057. japan never recovered from its loses and after midway the americans started getting the upper hand in the pacific war.

the correct answer is:

this is an example of the writer telling through description rather than showing through dialogue.

sometimes writers like to explain explicitely what's happening instead of adding dialogues of the situations., which is the case in this passage,