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level 4: reading comprehension untimed test
15.
read the story below. select the best answer for the following item.
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test 1
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the earth's crust averages 16 miles thick and rests on what is called the mantle. this layer, about 750 miles
thick, is believed to be of a semi-viscous or plastic nature rather than solid. thus, both continental and oceanic
areas could be said to float on the mantle, with continental areas pushing deeper into the mantle than do
oceanic areas where the crust is thinner.
constant erosion moves dirt and rock into ocean areas where they settle. these areas gradually sink deeper
into the mantle, eventually creating pressures that thrust new land up from surrounding areas. mountains
formed by this process are made of sedimentary rock and are called folded or dome.
earthquakes occur where the crust shifts or breaks apart sharply under pressure, the resulting breaks, or
fissures, are called faults. mountains created by these faults are called fault blocks.
in weak spots on the earth's crust - generally near sea coasts - gases and molten rock under tremendous
conical shaped mountains. these we know as volcanoes.
no sooner are new mountains and flatlands created by pressure than water, ice, and wind begin to wear
them away, thus creating new valleys, river courses, and coastlines.
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the formations described in this article result mainly from
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o eruptions
o pressures
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sedimentation
o sinking

Why is the word choice so important when developing a presentation?

The excerpt is from a longer essay on huckleberry finn by mark twain. what kind of support is used to develop the writer's main idea regarding how twain brought his characters to life?

Memories of a memory have you ever witnessed something amazing, shocking or surprising and found when describing the event that your story seems to change the more you tell it? have you ever experienced a time when you couldn't really describe something you saw in a way that others could understand? if so, you may understand why some experts think eyewitness testimony is unreliable as evidence in scientific inquiries and trials. new insights into human memory suggest human memories are really a mixture of many non-factual things. first, memory is vague. imagine your room at home or a classroom you see every day. most likely, you could describe the room very generally. you could name the color of the walls, the floors, the decorations. but the image you describe will never be as specific or detailed as if you were looking at the actual room. memory tends to save a blurry image of what we have seen rather than specific details. so when a witness tries to identify someone, her brain may recall that the person was tall, but not be able to say how tall when faced with several tall people. there are lots of different kinds of "tall." second, memory uses general knowledge to fill in gaps. our brains reconstruct events and scenes when we remember something. to do this, our brains use other memories and other stories when there are gaps. for example, one day at a library you go to quite frequently, you witness an argument between a library patron and one of the librarians. later, when telling a friend about the event, your brain may remember a familiar librarian behind the desk rather than the actual participant simply because it is recreating a familiar scene. in effect, your brain is combining memories to you tell the story. third, your memory changes over time. it also changes the more you retell the story. documented cases have shown eyewitnesses adding detail to testimony that could not have been known at the time of the event. research has also shown that the more a witness's account is told, the less accurate it is. you may have noticed this yourself. the next time you are retelling a story, notice what you add, or what your brain wants to add, to the account. you may also notice that you drop certain details from previous tellings of the story. with individual memories all jumbled up with each other, it is hard to believe we ever know anything to be true. did you really break your mother's favorite vase when you were three? was that really your father throwing rocks into the river with you when you were seven? the human brain may be quite remarkable indeed. when it comes to memory, however, we may want to start carrying video cameras if we want to record the true picture. part a and part b below contain one fill-in-the-blank to be used for all three question responses. your complete response must be in the format a, b, c including the letter choice, commas, and a space after the commas. part a: which of the following best explains why memories from childhood are unreliable? fill in blank 1 using a, b, or c. our brains add details and general knowledge to childhood memories. our brains are not as reliable as video cameras are. our brains create new stories to make the past more interesting. part b select one quotation from the text that supports your answer to part a. add your selection to blank 1 using e, f, or g. but the image you describe will never be as specific or detailed as if you were looking at the actual room. when a witness tries to identify someone, her brain may recall that the person was tall, but not be able to say how tall. to do this, our brains use other memories and other stories when there are gaps. select one quotation from the text that supports your answer to part a. add your selection to blank 1 using h, i, or j. documented cases have shown eyewitnesses adding detail to testimony that could not have been known at the time of the event. with individual memories all jumbled up with each other, it is hard to believe we ever know anything to be true. when it comes to memory, however, we may want to start carrying video cameras if we want to record the true picture answer for blank 1: