Letter from a birmingham jail (excerpts)
martin luther king, jr. (april 16, 1963)

my dear fellow clergymen:

1 while confined here in the birmingham city jail, i came across your recent statement calling my present activities "unwise and untimely." seldom do i pause to answer criticism of my work and ideas. if i sought to answer all the criticisms that cross my desk, my secretaries would have little time for anything other than such correspondence in the course of the day, and i would have no time for constructive work. but since i feel that you are men of genuine good will and that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, i want to try to answer your statements in what i hope will be patient and reasonable terms.

2 i think i should indicate why i am here in birmingham, since you have been influenced by the view which argues against "outsiders coming in." i have the honor of serving as president of the southern christian leadership conference, an organization operating in every southern state, with headquarters in atlanta, georgia. we have some eighty-five affiliated organizations across the south, and one of them is the alabama christian movement for human rights. frequently we share staff, educational and financial resources with our affiliates. several months ago the affiliate here in birmingham asked us to be on call to engage in a nonviolent direct-action program if such were deemed necessary. we readily consented, and when the hour came we lived up to our promise. so i, along with several members of my staff, am here because i was invited here i am here because i have organizational ties here.

in this excerpt, which best analyzes how the author uses rhetoric to advance his purpose?
a) the author portrays his confinement with bold, sardonic examples to his fellow clergymen.
b) the author avoids providing specific information to appeal to the logic of his fellow clergymen.
c) the author offers details in a respectful tone that reveal his character and ethics to his fellow clergymen.
d) the author introduces personal anecdotes in an apologetic tone to appeal to the emotions of his fellow clergymen.