#1. which scenario is an example of a topic that the universal theme for a particular work may cover? a. person confronts nature b. a guide to grammar and language c. person achieves the american dream d. challenge of owning a business. #2. what is the difference between theme and universal theme?

a. theme refers to the central insight revealed through an american story, while universal theme refers to a theme revealed through a story of foreign origin. b. theme refers to a central message that applies to anyone, anywhere, while universal theme is particular to a certain individual, historical context, or culture./c. theme refers to the central insight revealed through a story, while universal theme refers to a theme that applies to anyone, anywhere./d. theme and universal theme are two terms that have the same definition. #3. what does an author use to affect the setting of the story?

a. diction and syntax/b. purposeful writing/c. universal theme/d. flashy distractors
#4. how does diction affect setting?
a. by revealing the author’s purpose in writing nonfiction/b. by creating a specific description of the time and place/c. by misleading the reader’s sense of time and place/d. by creating smooth sentence fluency that has rhythm when read aloud

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

it is believed to be alfred, lord himself