1.
part a: which statement identifies the central idea of the text?
while teenagers understand the consequences of their actions, they haven't yet
developed the empathy that allows them to feel for other people.
rehabilitation works for teenagers who commit minor crimes, but more serious
crimes should still be punished to the full extent of the law.
the teenage brain is not fully developed and can cause teenagers to commit
crimes without fully considering the consequences.
it is extremely important that juvenile offenders are rehabilitated, as violent
teenagers are more likely to become violent adults.

The last statement of the text "It is extremely important that juvenile offenders are rehabilitated, as violent  teenagers are more likely to become violent adults" presents the central idea.

Explanation:

The central or main idea of a paragraph states the purpose of the paragraph and sets the direction of the paragraph or passage. It is normally but not necessarily at the start of the paragraph.

In this specific passage, it is the last statement to prove which, all earlier statements, propositions and inferences are made. Hence it is the central idea of the paragraph.

in the 1890s, southern states enacted a new form of black codes, called “jim crow” laws. these laws made it illegal for blacks and whites to share public facilities. this meant that blacks and whites had to use separate schools, hospitals, libraries, restaurants, hotels, bathrooms, and drinking fountains.

explanation:

line a --> main

line b --> young

line c --> atitude