Which of the following is a statement involving climate rather than weather?
a. today it is cloudy and raining.
b. rainfall amounts were above average this month.
c. the winters here are dry and warm.
d. the temperature will rise during the next week.

The statement that involves climate rather than weather is

C. The winters here are dry and warm.

Explanation:

Weather refers to the variations in atmosphere that can be observed and that take place in a short-term basis. We talk of weather now, today, tomorrow, in a couple of weeks. It is usually associated with temperatures, wind, visibility etc.

On the other hand, climate is a weather-related average reached over the usual period of 30 years. That is, we can say a certain region in a country or in the world has specific characteristics (dry or humid, hot or cold etc.) at a time of the year because of the weather statistics collected and analyzed throughout the years.

Let's analyze options A, B, and D provided in the question:

A. Today it is cloudy and raining.

B. Rainfall amounts were above average this month.

D. The temperature will rise during the next week.

Notice that they concern changes in weather, short-term predictions, or even what is observable at the moment of speaking. We can safely conclude then that letter C is the one referring to climate. It describes the general characteristics of a certain season at a certain place. Such description is broad - the speaker does not refer to a specific winter, but to all of them -, being clearly the result of a long-term observation. Therefore, the best answer is C. The winters here are dry and warm.

the development of trade during the middle age increased to the change given in the agriculture, which gave money, industry and markets a bigger importance in economy. the agriculture production was more than the consumption, which meant the creation of wider markets out of the areas. besides, with the end of multiple wars, the population increased and new trade routes were created.