Humanism is a philosophy developed during the renaissance that

Humanism is the attitude of life that is based on the scientific method to understand the function of the universe.

It rejects the idea of the supernatural and the afterlife, and defends man's ability to make moral decisions based on logic, empathy, interest in fellow human beings and in their ambition for the general good of humanity.

The concept of humanism can still be defined as a philosophical attitude that considers man the center of the world and its central value, a perception that advocates that man should be at the center of the interest of society and culture and a criterion of progress in every field.  

The roots of Humanism are traced back to the ancient Greek and Roman philosophers such as Epicurus, Aesop, Democritus, Protagoras or Marcus Aurelius, to medieval Arab philosophers such as Averroes, to Renaissance thinkers such as Volon, James Madison and Thomas Jefferson, as well as modern skeptics, agnostics and atheists such as Bertrand Russell and Robert Ingersoll.

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the correct answer would be d.

definition was not one of the four methods