Read the excerpt from gentleman of río en medio.

i sent a messenger up to the mountains for don anselmo. it took a week to arrange another meeting. when he arrived, he repeated his previous preliminary performance. he wore the same faded cutaway, carried the same stick and was accompanied by the boy again. he shook hands all around, sat down with the boy behind his chair, and talked about the weather.

don anselmo continues to wear the same clothes after the sale of his land which shows that

a. he does not see any value in money.
b. the appearance of wealth is not important to him.
c. he does not believe he will get the money he is owed.
d. the meeting with the narrator is not important to him.

the answer is both an appeal to ethos and logos (if that's what your question options were)

what: when quoting a source, use the author’s words verbatim, or word-for-word. this means you shouldn’t change any grammar, punctuation, spelling, etc. put quotations around the words to tell your reader where the quote begins and where it ends.

you also need to acknowledge the author. for example, if using mla format for your research paper, you should have in-text citations with the author’s name and page number listed at the end of each quote.

when: use quotations to provide concrete examples to support your claims. using direct quotations is a great way to build your credibility on the subject. it’s also a good idea to quote your source when the author states things in a powerful way. if you think he or she said it best, then use the exact words to share the ideas.

example: in the short story “a jury of her peers”, mrs. hale compares mrs. wright to her caged bird, saying “she—come to think of it, she was kind of like a bird herself. real sweet and pretty, but kind of timid and—fluttery. how—she—did—change” (glaspell).

paraphrasing

what: paraphrasing differs from quoting because you restate the passage in your own words. since you don’t use the author’s words, you don’t need to use quotation marks. however, you still need to acknowledge the author for his or her ideas.

when paraphrasing a text, you should communicate the full meaning of the text; don’t change the meaning. it can be a condensed version of the text, or it could end up being longer than the source it’s paraphrasing.

when: you use paraphrasing when you take notes, or explain a chart or diagram to someone. paraphrasing highlight the important parts of a larger text. it also allows you to simplify the ideas for your readers.

example:

original: “it was no ordinary thing that called her away–it was probably further from ordinary than anything that had ever happened in dickson county. but what her eye took in was that her kitchen was in no shape for leaving: her bread all ready for mixing, half the flour sifted and half unsifted” (glaspell).

paraphrase: as mrs. hales walks around mrs. wright’s home, she notices that the kitchen is in disarray as if she was in the middle of baking bread (glaspell).

answer: age of the protagonists.

dubliners is a collection of fifteen short stories by james joyce, published in 1914. they tell the stories of the irish middle class in and around dublin in the early years of the 20th century.

joyce divides the collection into three sections dealing with childhood, adolescence and maturity. therefore, one pattern he uses to organize his stories is the age of the protagonists. the initial stories deal with children, and as the stories continue, they focus on progressively older people.

karen blumenthal is the author of steve jobs: the man who thought different, and because of her work, she was a finalist in the 2013 yalsa award for excellence in nonfiction award.

it is significant that blumenthal interviewed several people who knew steve jobs personally because this allowed her to gain access to the industry. she has also stated that due to her work in the 1980s, she was able to get acquainted with the process of making computers and other technology, and was able to witness the progress different companies made and to appreciate apple's contribution to it. finally, this close connection with the industry means that her information is more credible than that of a complete outsider.