What rhetorical effect does the personification of the word prudence have in the following excerpt from the declaration of independence?

prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.

a.
it ironically appeals to the religious sentiments of the audience.
b.
it sarcastically criticizes the colonists’ desire to form a new government.
c.
it directly emphasizes an appeal to the reader’s emotions.
d.
it effectively enhances the logos and ethos of the argument.

The rhetorical effect that the impersonation of the word "Prudence" provoked was the Ethos.

Explanation:

Personification is a figure of speech that provides human characteristics to inanimate objects or beings. In the excerpt from the Declaration of Independence, the personification allowed that the "prudencia" that is an inanimate being could dictate something.

Prudence is the ability of some people to analyze existing variables and evaluate their possible consequences before making a decision. When the author used the personification in prudence, he imposed that prudence be seen as an authority, which must be heard and its precepts followed.

In this way the author appealed to the rhetorical Ethos effect. An appeal to ethos depends on the credibility, competence and reputation of the person making the argument, in this case, the person is the "prudence". A person considered as an authority on the subject she is talking about would make such an argument. The argument is primarily based on relying on the opinion or analysis of an authority or expert.

today we'd use social media to quickly spread a controversial idea, but in the eighteenth century, the printed pamphlet was highly effective. and thomas paine took full advantage of it. on january 9, 1776, when paine published his pamphlet, "common sense," he wanted to push the american people toward independence from britain. it ultimately ignite the american revolution. thomas paine argued that the monarchy was evil and should be rejected as a form of government. to underscore his point, he cited the bible to argue his case -- in judges 8: 22-23: "the israelites said to gideon, 'rule over us, you and your son and your ' gideon told them, 'i will not rule over you. the lord will rule over you'" (nrsv).

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