Our mountain regions are unique and beautiful places. we must preserve them for future generations. one of the most serious threats to our
mountains is ridgetop development. large housing developments built on steep slopes and along mountain ridges are unsightly. also, they
adversely affect the scenic views that draw tourists to our region each year. who wants to drive to the mountains to see not the lovely tree-
covered outline of the gently sloping mountain ridges against the sky, but rows of houses jutting from the ridges and slopes with little or no tree
cover between them? with tourism as the biggest industry in our area, maintaining our scenic ridgellnes is crucial to continued economic
success here.
ridgetop development not only detracts from scenic mountain views and threatens our area's top industry, it also harms the environment.
stripping large areas to create multiple building sites removes the trees and other plants. these resources provide natural erosion barriers on
steep slopes. large housing developments on ridges often increase erosion and runoff into streams and rivers.
what is the purpose of this essay?
a. to describe the beautification of mountain ridges and beaches
b. to chronicle the growth of the economy due to ridgetop tourism
oc. to clarify the role of the city council in protecting the environment
d. to expose the environmental threats posed by ridgetop development

Memories of a memory have you ever witnessed something amazing, shocking or surprising and found when describing the event that your story seems to change the more you tell it? have you ever experienced a time when you couldn't really describe something you saw in a way that others could understand? if so, you may understand why some experts think eyewitness testimony is unreliable as evidence in scientific inquiries and trials. new insights into human memory suggest human memories are really a mixture of many non-factual things. first, memory is vague. imagine your room at home or a classroom you see every day. most likely, you could describe the room very generally. you could name the color of the walls, the floors, the decorations. but the image you describe will never be as specific or detailed as if you were looking at the actual room. memory tends to save a blurry image of what we have seen rather than specific details. so when a witness tries to identify someone, her brain may recall that the person was tall, but not be able to say how tall when faced with several tall people. there are lots of different kinds of "tall." second, memory uses general knowledge to fill in gaps. our brains reconstruct events and scenes when we remember something. to do this, our brains use other memories and other stories when there are gaps. for example, one day at a library you go to quite frequently, you witness an argument between a library patron and one of the librarians. later, when telling a friend about the event, your brain may remember a familiar librarian behind the desk rather than the actual participant simply because it is recreating a familiar scene. in effect, your brain is combining memories to you tell the story. third, your memory changes over time. it also changes the more you retell the story. documented cases have shown eyewitnesses adding detail to testimony that could not have been known at the time of the event. research has also shown that the more a witness's account is told, the less accurate it is. you may have noticed this yourself. the next time you are retelling a story, notice what you add, or what your brain wants to add, to the account. you may also notice that you drop certain details from previous tellings of the story. with individual memories all jumbled up with each other, it is hard to believe we ever know anything to be true. did you really break your mother's favorite vase when you were three? was that really your father throwing rocks into the river with you when you were seven? the human brain may be quite remarkable indeed. when it comes to memory, however, we may want to start carrying video cameras if we want to record the true picture. part a and part b below contain one fill-in-the-blank to be used for all three question responses. your complete response must be in the format a, b, c including the letter choice, commas, and a space after the commas. part a: which of the following best explains why memories from childhood are unreliable? fill in blank 1 using a, b, or c. our brains add details and general knowledge to childhood memories. our brains are not as reliable as video cameras are. our brains create new stories to make the past more interesting. part b select one quotation from the text that supports your answer to part a. add your selection to blank 1 using e, f, or g. but the image you describe will never be as specific or detailed as if you were looking at the actual room. when a witness tries to identify someone, her brain may recall that the person was tall, but not be able to say how tall. to do this, our brains use other memories and other stories when there are gaps. select one quotation from the text that supports your answer to part a. add your selection to blank 1 using h, i, or j. documented cases have shown eyewitnesses adding detail to testimony that could not have been known at the time of the event. with individual memories all jumbled up with each other, it is hard to believe we ever know anything to be true. when it comes to memory, however, we may want to start carrying video cameras if we want to record the true picture answer for blank 1:

Simple subject mary will start the race in ten minutes

Although alice walker published a number of essays, poetry collections, and stories during the 1970s, her third novel, the color purple, ) which was published in 1982, brought her the widest acclaim in that it won both the national book award as well as the pulitzer prize (b) published in 1982, bringing her the widest acclaim by winning both the national book award and the pulitzer prize (c) published in 1982, brought her the widest acclaim, winning both the national book award and the pulitzer prize (d) was published in 1982 and which, winning both the national book award and the pulitzer prize, brought her the widest acclaim (e) was published in 1982, winning both the national book award as well as the pulitzer prize, and bringing her the widest acclaim