1. explain why the u. s. government doesn’t lose money making money based on the information in the text.

importnant information: • from 1837 to 1857, the cent was made of bronze (95 percent copper, and five percent tin and zinc).
• from 1857, the cent was 88 percent copper and 12 percent nickel, giving the coin a whitish appearance.
• the cent was again bronze (95 percent copper, and five percent tin and zinc) from 1864 to 1962, except: in 1943, the coin's composition was changed to zinc-coated steel. this change was only for the year 1943 and was due to the critical use of copper for the war effort. however, a limited number of copper pennies were minted that year.
• in 1962, the cent's tin content, which was quite small, was removed. that made the metal composition of the cent 95 percent copper and 5 percent zinc.

passage: the alloy remained 95 percent copper and 5 percent zinc until 1982, when the composition was changed to 97.5 percent zinc and 2.5 percent copper (copper-plated zinc). cents of both compositions appeared in that year.
the penny's original design was suggested by ben franklin. the word "penny" comes from the british "pence." more than 300 billion pennies have been minted since 1787, according to pennies. org.
here's a neat fact. the faces on all coins currently in circulation face left, except for abe lincoln on the penny. lincoln's likeness is an adaptation of a plaque done by sculptor victor david brenner. the direction that lincoln faces on the cent was not mandated but was simply the choice of the designer.

what's more, it costs more than a cent to make a penny. in 2011, it cost 2.4 cents to manufacture a penny, but production costs fell to 1.7 cents in 2014, according to a report by the united states mint. the nickel also costs more than its face value to make (about 8 cents), according to the report. but other coins make money for the mint, including the dime (just 3.9 cents) and the quarter (9 cents), the report said. overall, in 2014 the mint made $289.1 million on seigniorage (the difference it takes to make a coin versus the coin's worth), even though pennies and nickels cost it $90.5 million to make, according to the wall street journal.

this essay is about basketball hope you like it, also dont forget to give me a good rating

  a basketball team comprises of five players as mentioned above. the five players include point guard, shooting guard, small forward, power forward and center (ramen 56). the rules do not limit players to certain locations. however, evolution of basketball from the 1980s made players assume certain locations and roles. the point guard should be the fastest team member, and is responsible for organizing the attacks of the team. he does this by making sure that the right player has the ball at the right time (wissel 87). the shooting guard creates mainly long-range shorts and watches the opponent's last player on the defense. the small forward member of the team is majorly responsible for scoring points through dribble penetration and cuts to the basket. he also rebounds and plays actively. power forward plays invasively having their back to the basket and when on defense he plays under the basket or against the opponent's power forward (ramen 54). the center often uses his size and height to score and safeguard the basket when on defense. however, there is no rule that limits the players to these descriptions.  

              there are four quarters in regular basketball game, and each takes 10 or 12 minutes (ramen 67). in college basketball games, the game uses two-twenty minute halves. extra time should take 5 minutes in all games except in high school, where it takes four minutes. teams need to change sides after the first half of the game. a typical basketball game might take approximately 2 hours excluding the time when the game is inactive. at any given time, the court should have ten players, 5 from both sides. despite substitutions being unrestricted, it can only be performed when the game is stopped (wissel 51). additionally, teams must have a uniform comprising of a jersey and a pair of shorts. for identification purposes, the jersey should have a unique number in the team printed at the front and back. in some instances, the jerseys have the names of players, sponsors and team printed on them.  

              in conclusion, regulation basketball hoop comprises of a rim or basket attached to a backboard. violating the rules of the game results in a change of the shot clock if the committed by the defense or loss of ball possession. basketball teams comprise of five players, which includes the point guard, shooting guard, power forward, small forward and center. a typical basketball game might take approximately 2 hours excluding the time when the game is inactive.  

"character is what you are in the dark." dwight lyman moody, in this very witty quotation of his, states we act and think differently when we are "in the dark", that is, when the spotlight is not on us and everyone can see us and consequently judge us. when reading, we tend to be sympathetic to some characters and their dilemmas. by being so, we are saying to ourselves that we agree with those characters' acts and choices, even if they are morally questionable if we have common sense in mind. dwight lyman moody's quotation applies very well to "crime and punishment", by   19th century russian writer fiodor dostoyevsky. raskolnikov, the main character, a former law student who spends his days reflecting upon life and its misery, draws a fatal conclusion: mankind is divided in two main categories: ordinary and extraordinary people. the first are the ones who lead a run-of-the-mill existence and are full of imperfections; the latter are the ones who are spiritually superior, the ones who always know better, and have the right to judge the ordinary ones, as well as eliminate them if for common good. raskolnikov considers himself as belonging to the extraordinary category and decides to kill an old lady who is a money lender and in whose house he rents a small room. raskolnikov compares himself to napoleon, who had the undeniable right to execute tons of people during the war in order to save his nation. of course what the main character decides to do is a horrendous crime, but as readers we feel it is the right thing for him to do, since the victim is a mean old woman who only thinks about money and keeps humiliating her younger sister. what one experiences is a mixture of sympathy and empathy for the character, even though he decides to commit homicide, which is not at all accepted or tolerated by civilized citizens. however, since readers are "in the dark", they allow themselves to feel in ways they would probably never dare to confess to anyone, no matter how nasty or vicious a character can be. after all, they are just reading and doing no harm. in other words, readers are in the dark and can be who they are without being judged.