Read the short speech.

Patriotism is often taught through school routines. Young Americans may stand to say, "I pledge allegiance to the flag." They may attend special assemblies or programs honoring veterans. Career studies may include descriptions of armed service professions. Even the study of geography is an exercise in patriotism, as students learn the names of states and capitals.

The author includes an allusion to allow readers to

a. recall a familiar text.
b. consider famous veterans.
c. think of armed service professions.
d. remember the fifty states and their capitals.

A). Recall a familiar text.

Explanation:

The allusion is elucidated as one of the most commonly employed literary devices that are employed to provide a short yet indirect reference to a specific idea, object, or figure that carries a cultural, historical, political, artistic, or literary significance that aims to enhance the contextual impact or meaning of the content.

As per the question, the author involves the allusion to permit the readers to 'recall a familiar text 'I pledge allegiance to the flag' that has its literary significance which would help the readers to associate to the idea of 'honoring veterans' to the idea presented in that text and understand the intended meaning('study of geography is an exercise in patriotism') that the author wishes to convey. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.                                    

tree and the cat in the tree

the italian poet francesco petrarch did! (: