Acting on impulse, he reaches for the falling object, loses his balance, and falls into the dark water below. After this, Rainsford struggles to stay afloat and swim to the island in the distance. It is a difficult task, but after much effort, he lands on the shores. Rainsford collapses and falls into a deep sleep. Which revision would best help expand the ideas in the excerpt? 1. adding a comment noting that Rainsford really should have let the pipe fall into the water 2. adding the fact that Rainsford hears a number of pistol shots as he swims through the dark water 3. adding more information about Rainsford’s past as a soldier and a hunter of wild animals 4. adding more details about the struggle Rainsford experiences as he swims to the shore

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows. ‘you make me feel uncivilized, daisy,’ i confessed on my second glass of corky but rather impressive claret. ‘can’t you talk about crops or something? ’ i meant nothing in particular by this remark but it was taken up in an unexpected way. ‘civilization’s going to pieces,’ broke out tom violently. ‘i’ve gotten to be a terrible pessimist about things. have you read ‘the rise of the coloured empires’ by this man goddard? ’ ‘why, no,’ i answered, rather surprised by his tone. ‘well, it’s a fine book, and everybody ought to read it. the idea is if we don’t look out the white race will be—will be utterly submerged. it’s all scientific stuff; it’s been proved.’ in this passage, tom’s ideas about race relations come off as uncivilized. what literary device is fitzgerald using here?