Why does Johnsy count the leaves?
She counts the leaves to keep herself entertained in
bed, since she can't paint while she is sick.
She counts the leaves to annoy Sue, who is doting on
her too much and won't let her rest.
She compares herself to the falling leaves: she believes
that when she counts none left, she will die.
She counts the leaves to measure when winter will
arrive; when it does, she will die.

what is the

the answer would be: it explains that at least one son must join the church

the expression ''as the tithe of his sons'' indicates how his father intended for at least one of his sons to serve the church. this phrase demonstrates that his father offered him as a last resort since none of his brothers chose to serve the church.

hope this answer you: )!

this is hard!  

i believe it is the first choice (1.)

because the major theme is(“both the wild and civilization have rules.”)

and also as u said,( based on what buck learns within the call of the wild, "both the wild and civilization have rules".this is true of humans within society as well.