unifying element of the story, which ties together all of the other elements of fiction used by the author to tell the storyunifying element of the story, which ties together all of the other elements of fiction used by the author to tell the story.

- Central Idea.

Explanation:

'Central Idea' in a literary work is demonstrated as the dominant idea that not only surrounds the entire narrative but also functions to unify the different elements employed by the author and ties them in a single thread to convey an accomplished and coherent thought or message as intended by the author. It could also be characterized as the 'theme' in fiction which is the chief subject of the story and defines the author's purpose behind the creation of the work(to teach, inspire, amuse, entertain, etc.). Thus, 'central idea' is the correct answer.

to eliminate ambiguous remote or broad reference it is necessary to focus on anaphoric reference. by definition "anaphoric reference means that a word in a text refers back to other ideas in the text for its meaning." the references should be clear and leave no room for ambiguity.

in the first case the pronoun it probably refers to the car but it has not been mentioned before so we should replace it for the car. in doing so the statement becomes clear.

in sentence number   two   the pronoun he refers to charles dickens the author. yet, the first half of the sentence is about the book a tale of two cities. to repair this it would be better to rephrase the first half : after i read   a tale of two cities by dickens, he so as to remove the remote reference.