A quotation can be introduced with a signaling phrase and a comma or a complete sentence followed by a

colon

Explanation:

Quotations reproduce the original words from text or speech that the author or speaker made. In that respect, they can be introduced with an introductory sentence and colon. For example:

In his most famous monologue, Prince Hamlet contemplates taking his own life: "To be, or not to be--that is the question:/ Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer/ The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune/ Or to take arms against a sea of troubles/  And by opposing end them."

Besides, quotations can be introduced with an introductory phrase and a comma, and by embedding the quote within a text without any additional commas or colons.

this is b. how railways dealt with people riding the trains without paying

the author develops a cold, and scared tone. making the reader shudder with fear, and suddenly become cold. i'm guessing that he's writing a scary novel, or maybe about a chilly december night.