Read the excerpt from "Hokusai's The Great Wave.”

So The Great Wave, far from being the quintessence of Japan, is a hybrid work, a fusion of European materials and conventions with a Japanese sensibility. No wonder this image has been so loved in Europe: it is an exotic relative, not a complete stranger.

It also, I think, shows a peculiarly Japanese ambivalence. As a viewer, you have no place to stand, no footing. You too must be in a boat, under the Great Wave, and in danger. The dangerous sea over which European things and ideas travelled has, however, been drawn with a profound ambiguity.

What is the author’s viewpoint in this excerpt?

The Great Wave was created using European techniques.
The Great Wave was created using Japanese materials.
The Great Wave represents feelings of contentment in Japanese culture.
The Great Wave represents feelings of ambivalence in Japanese culture.