Sarcasm is a type of
analogy
euphemism
irony
oxymoron

Sarcasm is a type of irony.

Explanation:

Irony refers to situations, actions, or speech that have the opposite result or meaning of what is normally expected. For example, a woman cheats on her husband expecting him to divorce her. Instead, he falls in love with her again and chooses to be by her side. The situation is ironic since the consequence of her actions is the opposite of what would normally take place.

Sarcasm is a form of irony since it refers to someone's speech meaning the opposite of what is being said. Sarcasm has the purpose of hurting or offending someone. If your friend tries to open a bottle of wine by breaking it with a hammer only to end up hurting himself, you may sarcastically exclaim, "Wow! You're so smart!" What you mean is obviously the opposite, for his actions do not show intelligence or common sense.

b. they require a huge investment of time, dedication ,training, and patience almost from the day they are born.

explanation:

the sentence gives a clear evidence of how carefully the sar dogs are selected and also specify from what time this exercise begins."almost from the day they are are born." this sentence shows as that this exercise begins early.

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i believe the answer is thesis, reasons, evidence, counterclaim, conclusion